Isolation, Identification and comparatative analysis of SDA and DTM for dermatophytes from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital
Sowmya Nasimuddin
Boppe Appalaraju
Surendran P
Surendran P
Srinivas CR
Srinivas CR
Abstract
Abstract:
Purpose: The purpose of the study is identify and characterizes different species of dermatophytes from 300 clinically defined cases of ring worm infections. Based upon their morphological features studied by microscopic, culture and biochemical techniques and comparison of Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and Dermatophyte test medium (DTM) for the primary isolation of dermatophytes from the clinical samples. Method: About 300 samples were collected under sterile precautions and observed under microscopy for fungal elements. The culture was done in SDA and DTM and dermatophytes characterization were done by slide culture, bromocresol purple agar, urease test and hair perforation test. Results: Out of 300 samples, 129(43%) were positive for dermatophytes with majority being Trichophyton mentagrophytes(38.75%) followed by Trichophyton rubrum (27.13%). Various species were isolated from skin, hair and nail samples. There was no statistically significant difference between the SDA and DTM (p< 0.01) in primary isolation of dermatophytes. Conclusion: With the increasing incidence of severe dermatophytic fungal infections has increased significantly in immunocompetant and also in immunocompromised, there arises a need for effective and rapid diagnosis of such infections.
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... Each scraping / sample was cultured onto Sabouraud's Dextrose agar (SDA) and Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) with Cycloheximide and Chloramphenicol. The plates were incubated at 28°C for up to 4 weeks and examined at 2 to 3 day intervals for fungal growth 11 . ...
... Detection of T. rubrum was only from human cases where as in present study Trichophyton verrucosum also found from human cases. Rushidat bolanle balogan (2015) also found the prevalence of dermatophytes were 15.04% in horses in Kwarastate, Nigeria Nassimuddin et al., 11 Comparison of SDA and DTM (Fig. 1) CONCLUSION Among all Dermatophytes, maximum isolates were of Trichophyton verrucosum from cattle and minimum isolates were of Microsporum canis from dogs. Trichophyton verrucosum is a cosmopolitan zoophilic species of fungi that causes ringworm in cattle and other farm animals, from which human become infected. ...
Prevalence of Dermatophytosis in Animal and Human Population with Special Reference to Its Zoonotic Significance
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Bhupendra Parmar
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J.B. Nayak - M.N. Brahmbhatt
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Harpal Gida
... Each scraping / sample was cultured onto Sabouraud's Dextrose agar (SDA) and Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) with Cycloheximide and Chloramphenicol. The plates were incubated at 28°C for up to 4 weeks and examined at 2 to 3 day intervals for fungal growth 11 . ...
... Detection of T. rubrum was only from human cases where as in present study Trichophyton verrucosum also found from human cases. Rushidat bolanle balogan (2015) also found the prevalence of dermatophytes were 15.04% in horses in Kwarastate, Nigeria Nassimuddin et al., 11 Comparison of SDA and DTM (Fig. 1) CONCLUSION Among all Dermatophytes, maximum isolates were of Trichophyton verrucosum from cattle and minimum isolates were of Microsporum canis from dogs. Trichophyton verrucosum is a cosmopolitan zoophilic species of fungi that causes ringworm in cattle and other farm animals, from which human become infected. ...
Prevalence of Dermatophytosis in Animal and Human Population with Special Reference to Its Zoonotic Significance
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Bhupendra Parmar - J.B. Nayak
- M.N. Brahmbhatt
-
Harpal Gida
... Also, because T. mentagrophytes have greater capacity to infect the hard keratin. The results agreed with Nasimuddin et al. (2014) who mentioned that T. mentagrophytes (38.75%) was the most common isolate from the clinical samples [25], but inconsistent with Madhavi et al (2011) study [26] that revealed that T. rubrum was the commonest etiological agent (51.72%) of dermatophytosis. Epidermophyton floccosum (17.4%) was the second isolate from the clinical samples of dermatophytosis, while M. canis, T. interdigitale, and T. verurcosum all showed the lowest percentage (4.3%). ...
... Also, because T. mentagrophytes have greater capacity to infect the hard keratin. The results agreed with Nasimuddin et al. (2014) who mentioned that T. mentagrophytes (38.75%) was the most common isolate from the clinical samples [25], but inconsistent with Madhavi et al (2011) study [26] that revealed that T. rubrum was the commonest etiological agent (51.72%) of dermatophytosis. Epidermophyton floccosum (17.4%) was the second isolate from the clinical samples of dermatophytosis, while M. canis, T. interdigitale, and T. verurcosum all showed the lowest percentage (4.3%). ...
Comparison of Two Conventional Methods for Identification of Dermatophyte Fungi
- Tiba Salim Naseif Alzubaidy
- Abdulameer Jasim Mohammed
- Ali Abbas Hasan Al-Gburi
The current study is the identification and isolation dermatophyte species in clinical isolates by both Sabourauds Dextrose Agar (SDA) and on Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM). Clinical specimens of hair, nails and skin scales were collected from patients with dermatophytosis and submitted to direct microscopic examination after immersion in 20% of potassium hydroxide solution. The clinical specimens were cultured on SDA containing chloramphenicol and cycloheximide, and on DTM. Tinea corporis showed the highest prevalent dermatophyte infection among patients (26.7%), followed by Tinea pedis (23.3%), whereas Tinea manuum exhibited the lowest fungal infection (6.7 %). Rural areas revealed the highest prevalence of dermatophyte infection (70.0 %) in comparison to 30.0% in urban areas. Based on the conventional laboratory methods, 30 clinical isolates of dermatophytes showed positive cultures which belong to three genera (Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton). Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most common species (21.7%) isolated among 30 positive dermatophytes, followed by Epidermophyton flocosum (17.4%), then Trichophyton bullosum and Trichophyton tonsurans (13.0%).
... The prevalence of dermatophytes isolation among clinically suspected dermatophytosis cases was 62.9%, male predominance was observed. Male and female ratio was about 3:1, whereas Male-Female ratio of 2:1 observed in Amin AG et al [7] , Rao et al. [8] Sowmya N [9] , Kannan et al [10] and singh et al [11] reported the prevalence of dermatophytes as 43%, 48.5% and 44.61% respectively. Our study shown higher prevalence which may be due to varied geographical area with its climatic conditions, also depends on tight clothing and sweating among people and various other factors like urbanization, unhygienic practices, occupational exposure. ...
... Most common isolate was T. mentagrophytes (23%) followed by T. rubrum (15.3%). In line with this study Sowmya N et al [9] observed T. mentagrophytes followed by T.rubrum and few other studies reported that most common isolate was T. rubrum followed by T.mentagrophytes [10,11,19,20] . ...
Comparing the Effectiveness of Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and Dermatophytes Test Medium for Isolation of Dermatophytes
- Parameswari Katay
- Sravya Ravi
- Geethanjali Anke
... Pemeriksaan secara mikroskopik dilakukan dengan menggunakan Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) dengan menggoreskan jarum ose pada koloni kapang yang tumbuh dan diusapkan pada gelas objek yang telah ditetesi LPCB, lalu ditutup dengan gelas penutup. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan menggunakan mikroskop untuk melihat adanya hifa, makrokonidia, dan mikrokonidia (Nasimuddin et al., 2014). ...
Teknik Memanen Makrokonidia dari Dermatofita Microsporum gypseum dan Trichophyton mentagrophytes
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Ana Rufaidah
- Eko Sugeng Pribadi
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I Ketut Mudite Adnyane
... Although it is a highly efficient screening technique, direct examination is limited in its specificity and sensitivity as false-negative had been reported in 10-15% of samples [17]. Nasimuddin et al. [26] found that only 34.35% of the 300 skin scrapings processed for mycology were positive by direct examination while 49.0% were culture positive. Furthermore, it is not possible to identify a fungus up to species level by this method [17]. ...
Prevalence and distribution of dermatophytosis lesions on cattle in Plateau State, Nigeria
- J.s. Dalis
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Haruna Kazeem
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Jacob Kwaga
- Clara Nna Kwanashie
Background and Aim: Dermatophytosis is an infection of the superficial, keratinized structures of the skin, nails, and hair of man and animals caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes in the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. The prevalence of dermatophytosis among cattle in Nigeria and Plateau State, in particular, is yet to be fully determined. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the distribution of dermatophytosis lesions on cattle in Plateau State, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Four hundred and thirty-seven cattle showing visible skin lesions suggestive of dermatophytosis were drawn from nine local government areas (three each) from the three senatorial districts of Plateau State, Nigeria. Skin scrapings were aseptically collected using a cross-sectional study, in which sampling units were selected using purposive sampling method. Samples were processed for both direct microscopic examination and isolation of dermatophytes in culture. The isolates were stained with lactophenol cotton blue and identified microscopically based on the size, shape, and arrangement of macro- and micro-conidia. The dermatophytes were further identified by determining the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of their ribosomal DNA. Data were analyzed and presented as percentages, bar graph, and Chi-square test of association. p0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The overall prevalence rate of bovine dermatophytosis in Plateau State was found to be 11.0%. Trichophyton verrucosum was more frequently isolated (54.2%) than Trichophyton mentagrophytes (45.8%). Age, breed, management practice, and season were significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease (p
... Similar report was obtained by Santosh et al of KOH mount with sensitivity of 83.46%. 21 22 Mahale et al 7 gave explanation that it may be due to the inactive sporulating phase of the fungi which is difficult to be seen by microscopy. They concluded that findings of direct microscopy by KOH also depend on the skill of the observer. ...
Clinicomycological study of tinea infections in and around Pune
- Snehal Dhayagude
- Vidya Arjunwadkar
- Ravindranath Chavan
- Anju Kagal
p class="abstract"> Background: Tinea is a common fungal infection seen in the tropical and subtropical countries affecting the skin and its appendages. The presentation may vary from mild scaling to severe inflammation with bacterial super infection. It may be confused with other manifestation such as psoriasis, seborrhea, drug eruptions, eczema, and contact dermatitis. Hence correct diagnosis is necessary for appropriate treatment, which will reduce morbidity, discomfort and lessens possibility of transmissions. The aims and objectives were to determine clinicomycological profile of Tinea infections in patients attending dermatology OPD of B. J. Govt. Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune.
Methods: Skin scrapings, nail clippings; hair samples from clinically suspected cases of tinea were collected. Identification of dermatophytes from these samples was done by conventional technique.
Results: 119 clinically suspected cases of Tinea infections were processed over a period of one year. Out of these cases mixed infection of Tinea cruris with corporis was the predominant (27.73%) clinical presentation. Among all the samples, fungal filaments were seen by KOH mount in 48 (40.33%) whereas 35 (29.41%) samples were confirmed as dermatophytes by culture. Among these 35 isolates of dermatophytes 20 were T. rubrum , 7 isolates were T. tonsurans . 8 isolates were of T. mentagrophytes .
Conclusions: In present study mixed infections of tinea cruris with corporis was the predominant clinical presentation and T. rubrum was the most common dermatophyte isolated.</p
... Mẫu bệnh phẩm có kết quả soi tươi dương tính được cấy vào chai mẫu chứa môi trường DTM, ủ ở nhiệt độ phòng từ 10-20 ngày, nếu môi trường chuyển từ vàng sang đỏ thì nấm gây bệnh nghi ngờ là nấm da. Các chủng nấm đã phân lập được tiếp tục được định danh bằng các phương pháp hình thái và sinh hoá để xác định nấm da và phân biệt loài (1,4) . ...
In vitro susceptibility testing of dermatophytes isolated from Hospital of Dermatovenereology in Ho Chi Minh city to ketoconazole and terbinafine
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Nguyen Thi Ngoc Yen -
Trinh Phan Canh - Tôn Hoàng Diệu
- Nguyen Le Phuong Uyen
Introduction: Dermatophytosis is common in hot and moist climates like Vietnam, although the infection is normally limited to superficial skin but seriously affects the quality of human life. Long duration of treatment impacts gradually on patients adherence, which is an opportunity to develop antifungal resistance.
Objectives: Determinating species composition and susceptibility of isolates from clinical specimens at Hospital of Dermatovenereology in Ho Chi Minh city (11/2017-12/2017) to ketoconazole and terbinafine.
Materials and Methods: Isolation of dermatophyte from clinical specimens using selective dermatophytes test medium (DTM); Identification by morphological characters and biochemical reactions; Determination of in vitro susceptibility to ketoconazole and terbinafine according to an instruction of CLSI M44-A2 guideline and being adjusted by Nweze et al (2010).
Results: Of 165 clinical specimens collected from patients suffering dematomycosis in 11/2017-12/2017, there were 104 specimens positive with KOH microscopic examination. After isolating on selective media, we collected 55 isolates, among which that Trichophyton sp. accounted for 90,91% in comparison with 9,09% of Microsporum sp. and no isolates for Epidermophyton sp.. In terms of sensitivity to antifungal agents, there were 52,7% species susceptible to ketoconazole, 21,8% intermediate and 25,5% resistant to ketoconazole. All strains are terbinafine sensitive.
Conclusions: Most of dermatophyte belonged to Trichophyton sp.. There were 52% isolates susceptible to ketoconazole and 100% strains susceptible to terbinafine.
Keywords: Dermatophyte, susceptibility, ketoconazole, terbinafine.
... The results agreed with [18] who mentioned that Microsporium canis was the main causative agent of dermatophytes infection. Also, present result agreed with [19] who mentioned that Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most common isolate from the clinical samples. ...
The inhibitory effect of Trichoderma harzianum CA-07 crude extract against Trichophyton mentagrophyte and Microsporium canis
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Alaa Mohsin Al-araji -
Sura R. Assi
The study aimed to identify Trichoderma harzianum isolates morphologically and by using PCR teqnique and evaluate the antifungal activity of T. harzianum CA-07 crude extract against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporium canis from patients with dermatophytosis. T.harzianum isolates were collected from the soil of Baghdad University gardens and they were identified depending of morphological features on plate and microscopic examination. The genomic DNA of T.harzianum isolate was extracted at a final concentration of (400-600) μg / 2-3 g of wet mycelium and at a purity of 1.6-1.8and DNA sample was amplified with each of universal primers (ITS-1& ITS-4) to be used for detection of Trichoderma species. The crude extract was extracted from T.harzianum strain CA-07 by ethyl acetate with finalyield of 4.8gm., then different crude extract concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/ml) were used against the clinical pathogenic fungi (T.mentagrophyte and M.canis) using agar well diffusion method. The results of identification of Trichoderma harzianum isolates by using PCR confirmed that the isolate was T.harzianum strain CA-07,and their crude extract exhibited significantly high antifungal activity against T. mentagrophyte and M. canis with high growth inhibition zones(14, 12mm) respectively at the lower concentration (0.5mg/ml)of crude extract. الخام للمستخلص المثبط التأثير لفطر Trichoderma harzianum CA-07 الفطرين ضد Trichophyton mentagrophyte و Microsporium canis الجلدية اض لألمر المسببة البشرية عاصي رسن سرى * االعرجي محسن عالء ، اق العر ،بغداد ،بغداد جامعة ، العلوم كلية ، الحياة علوم قسم الخالصة إلى اسة الدر هذه هدفت الفطر الت عز تشخيص Trichoderma harzianum تقنية وباستخدام يا مظهر المتسلسل ة البلمر تفاعل وتقدير الفعالية التثبيطي لفطر الخام للمستخلص ة T. harzianum CA-07 ضد ين الفطر Trichophyton mentagrophytes و Microsporium canis المعزولين من من يعانون مرضى جلدية يات فطر الجلدية اض األمر اطباء قبل من ا ً ي ير سر تشخيصهم تم الذين و. الفطر الت عز جمع تم T. harzianum وتحت الطبق على ية المظهر الصفات على اعتمادا وشخصت بغداد جامعة حدائق بة تر من (اثي الور النووي الحمض استخالص تم .المجهر DNA لة لعز) T. harzianum ب من اوح يتر نهائي تركيز
... Ose dicelupkan di dalam alkohol dan dibakar pada api bunsen kemudian didiamkan sesaat. Selanjutnya ose digoreskan pada koloni fungi dermatofita yang tumbuh pada media SDA kemudian diusapkan pada gelas objek yang sebelumnya telah ditetesi LPCB dan ditutup dengan gelas penutup, kemudian diperiksa menggunakan mikroskop cahaya terhadap adanya hifa, makrokonidia, dan mikrokonidia (Nasimuddin et al., 2014;El-ashmawy et al., 2015). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. ...
Identifikasi Spesies Fungi Microsporum gypseum dan M. nanum Penyebab Ringworm pada Sapi Bali (IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES FUNGI MICROSPORUM GYPSEUM
- Putu Ayu Sisyawati Putriningsih
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I Putu Gede Yudhi Arjentinia
Ringworm is an zoonotic infectious skin disease that can infect many types of animals. This disease is caused by dermatophytes fungi. Ringworm cases in cattle were quite widely reported in various countries but a report about the dermatophytes fungi that caused ringworm in bali cattle have never been published. It is very important in the efforts to give more effective therapies. This study aimed to identify the species of dermatophytes fungi that caused ringworm in bali cattle. Eight bali cattles suspected ringworm samples were taken using superficial skin scraping and trichogram (hair pluck) technique. The samples of skin scrapings dan hair on the area of the lesion were taken for direct microscopic examination to find the presence of fungal elements (hyphae or arthrospora). They were dropped with 10% KOH, were allowed for 10-15 minutes, then were observed using microscope. Skin scrapings dan hair samples that showed positive results were cultured on Sabaurouds Dextrose Agar (SDA) medium for 1-3 weeks dan were identified using Lactophenol Cotton Blue with microscope. The data were analyzed descriptively. Dermatophytes fungi that isolated dan identified were Microsporum gypseum (75% or 6/8) and Microsporum nanum (25% or 2/8). Both of these fungi have ectothrix invasion/infection tipe, which is the forming of arthrospores/arthroconidia is only on the surface/superficial hair shaft therefore the topical therapy is sufficient to resolve the infection.
... The increased prevalence of tinea corporis and tinea capitis may be due to overcrowded and large sizes of families and sharing of clothes and towels and other tools such as combs and shavings tools. [49] who found that Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolate, also present results disagreed with [5,26,51] who mentioned that Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most common isolate from the clinical samples. The higher incidence with M. canis may be explained to the direct or indirect contact with domestic animals such as cattle because M. canis is a zoophilic fungus and cause many ringworm infections. ...
Study of Dermatophytosis prevalence in Al-Nassiriyah city-Iraq
- Mohanad Hassan Najem
- Mohammed H Al-Salhi
-
Saad S. Hamim
The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of some dermatophytes species from patients with dermatophytosis in Thi-Qar Province during the period from August 2014 to January 2015. One hundred eighty samples were examined by 10 % KOH and cultured on sabouraud's dextrose agar with cyclohexamide and chloramphenicol to identify the dermatophytes species. The results showed that out of the 180 cases of dermatophytes, only 94 (52.2 %) cases were positive by both direct KOH examination and culture, whereas false negative results was recorded in 16 (8.9 %) of specimens. Tinea corporis represented the highest fungal infection among patients which represent 47 cases with a percentage of (42.73 %), followed by tinea capitis 19 cases with a percentage of (17.27%), whereas tinea faciei recorded the lowest fungal infection with 4 cases and a percentage of (3.63 %). High fungal infections were reported in females with a percentage of 67.27% in comparison to 32.73 % in males. Age group of 21-30 years recorded the highest percentage of infections among the age groups with 31 cases and a percentage of 28.18%, while age group up to 51 years showed the lowest number of infection with 4 cases and a percentage of 3.63 %. Urban areas recorded the highest percentage of infection with 86.36 % in comparison with 13.64 % in rural areas. The results showed that dermatophytes species which are isolated from patients in the present study included; Microsporum canis with a percentage of 40.91 %, followed by Trichophyton tonsurans with (32.73 %), Trichophyton verrucosum (15.45%), Microsporum gypseum 8.18%, and finally Microsporum fulvum with a percentage of 2.73 %. This present study considered the first study in Thi-Qar province that isolate and record M. fulvum as causative agent of dermatophytosis.
... The increased prevalence of tinea corporis and tinea capitis may be due to overcrowded and large sizes of families and sharing of clothes and towels and other tools such as combs and shavings tools. [49] who found that Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolate, also present results disagreed with [5,26,51] who mentioned that Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most common isolate from the clinical samples. The higher incidence with M. canis may be explained to the direct or indirect contact with domestic animals such as cattle because M. canis is a zoophilic fungus and cause many ringworm infections. ...
Study of Dermatophytosis prevalence in Al-Nassiriyah city- Iraq
- Najem MS
- Al-Salhi MH
- Saad S. Hamim
Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes from Clinical Samples & AMP: Antidermatophytic Activity against Antifungal Drugs.
- Javed Ali
- Keerti Singh
- J.S. Bisht
-
Vasudha Kak
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Dermatophytes Isolated from Patients in Erbil City
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Hero Mohammad Ismael - Shna Ibrahim Ismail
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